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<div class="section" id="repr-alternate-repr-implementation">
<h1>8.19. <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#repr" title="repr"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">repr</span></code></a> — Alternate <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#repr" title="repr"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">repr()</span></code></a> implementation<a class="headerlink" href="#repr-alternate-repr-implementation" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#repr" title="repr"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">repr</span></code></a> module has been renamed to <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">reprlib</span></code> in Python 3. The
<a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-2to3"><span class="xref std std-term">2to3</span></a> tool will automatically adapt imports when converting your
sources to Python 3.</p>
</div>
<p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/2.7/Lib/repr.py">Lib/repr.py</a></p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#repr" title="repr"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">repr</span></code></a> module provides a means for producing object representations
with limits on the size of the resulting strings. This is used in the Python
debugger and may be useful in other contexts as well.</p>
<p>This module provides a class, an instance, and a function:</p>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="repr.Repr">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">repr.</code><code class="descname">Repr</code><a class="headerlink" href="#repr.Repr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Class which provides formatting services useful in implementing functions
similar to the built-in <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#func-repr"><span class="std std-ref">repr()</span></a>; size limits for different
object types are added to avoid the generation of representations which are
excessively long.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="data">
<dt id="repr.aRepr">
<code class="descclassname">repr.</code><code class="descname">aRepr</code><a class="headerlink" href="#repr.aRepr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This is an instance of <a class="reference internal" href="#repr.Repr" title="repr.Repr"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Repr</span></code></a> which is used to provide the <a class="reference internal" href="#repr.repr" title="repr.repr"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">repr()</span></code></a>
function described below. Changing the attributes of this object will affect
the size limits used by <a class="reference internal" href="#repr.repr" title="repr.repr"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">repr()</span></code></a> and the Python debugger.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="repr.repr">
<code class="descclassname">repr.</code><code class="descname">repr</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>obj</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#repr.repr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This is the <a class="reference internal" href="#repr.Repr.repr" title="repr.Repr.repr"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">repr()</span></code></a> method of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aRepr</span></code>. It returns a string
similar to that returned by the built-in function of the same name, but with
limits on most sizes.</p>
</dd></dl>
<div class="section" id="repr-objects">
<span id="id1"></span><h2>8.19.1. Repr Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#repr-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#repr.Repr" title="repr.Repr"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Repr</span></code></a> instances provide several attributes which can be used to provide
size limits for the representations of different object types, and methods
which format specific object types.</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="repr.Repr.maxlevel">
<code class="descclassname">Repr.</code><code class="descname">maxlevel</code><a class="headerlink" href="#repr.Repr.maxlevel" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Depth limit on the creation of recursive representations. The default is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">6</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="repr.Repr.maxdict">
<code class="descclassname">Repr.</code><code class="descname">maxdict</code><a class="headerlink" href="#repr.Repr.maxdict" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dt id="repr.Repr.maxlist">
<code class="descclassname">Repr.</code><code class="descname">maxlist</code><a class="headerlink" href="#repr.Repr.maxlist" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dt id="repr.Repr.maxtuple">
<code class="descclassname">Repr.</code><code class="descname">maxtuple</code><a class="headerlink" href="#repr.Repr.maxtuple" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dt id="repr.Repr.maxset">
<code class="descclassname">Repr.</code><code class="descname">maxset</code><a class="headerlink" href="#repr.Repr.maxset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dt id="repr.Repr.maxfrozenset">
<code class="descclassname">Repr.</code><code class="descname">maxfrozenset</code><a class="headerlink" href="#repr.Repr.maxfrozenset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dt id="repr.Repr.maxdeque">
<code class="descclassname">Repr.</code><code class="descname">maxdeque</code><a class="headerlink" href="#repr.Repr.maxdeque" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dt id="repr.Repr.maxarray">
<code class="descclassname">Repr.</code><code class="descname">maxarray</code><a class="headerlink" href="#repr.Repr.maxarray" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Limits on the number of entries represented for the named object type. The
default is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">4</span></code> for <a class="reference internal" href="#repr.Repr.maxdict" title="repr.Repr.maxdict"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">maxdict</span></code></a>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">5</span></code> for <a class="reference internal" href="#repr.Repr.maxarray" title="repr.Repr.maxarray"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">maxarray</span></code></a>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">6</span></code> for
the others.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.4: </span><a class="reference internal" href="#repr.Repr.maxset" title="repr.Repr.maxset"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">maxset</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#repr.Repr.maxfrozenset" title="repr.Repr.maxfrozenset"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">maxfrozenset</span></code></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#set" title="set"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set</span></code></a>.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="repr.Repr.maxlong">
<code class="descclassname">Repr.</code><code class="descname">maxlong</code><a class="headerlink" href="#repr.Repr.maxlong" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Maximum number of characters in the representation for a long integer. Digits
are dropped from the middle. The default is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">40</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="repr.Repr.maxstring">
<code class="descclassname">Repr.</code><code class="descname">maxstring</code><a class="headerlink" href="#repr.Repr.maxstring" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Limit on the number of characters in the representation of the string. Note
that the “normal” representation of the string is used as the character source:
if escape sequences are needed in the representation, these may be mangled when
the representation is shortened. The default is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">30</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="repr.Repr.maxother">
<code class="descclassname">Repr.</code><code class="descname">maxother</code><a class="headerlink" href="#repr.Repr.maxother" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This limit is used to control the size of object types for which no specific
formatting method is available on the <a class="reference internal" href="#repr.Repr" title="repr.Repr"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Repr</span></code></a> object. It is applied in a
similar manner as <a class="reference internal" href="#repr.Repr.maxstring" title="repr.Repr.maxstring"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">maxstring</span></code></a>. The default is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">20</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="repr.Repr.repr">
<code class="descclassname">Repr.</code><code class="descname">repr</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>obj</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#repr.Repr.repr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The equivalent to the built-in <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#func-repr"><span class="std std-ref">repr()</span></a> that uses the
formatting imposed by the instance.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="repr.Repr.repr1">
<code class="descclassname">Repr.</code><code class="descname">repr1</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>obj</em>, <em>level</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#repr.Repr.repr1" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Recursive implementation used by <a class="reference internal" href="#repr.Repr.repr" title="repr.Repr.repr"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">repr()</span></code></a>. This uses the type of <em>obj</em> to
determine which formatting method to call, passing it <em>obj</em> and <em>level</em>. The
type-specific methods should call <a class="reference internal" href="#repr.Repr.repr1" title="repr.Repr.repr1"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">repr1()</span></code></a> to perform recursive formatting,
with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">level</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">1</span></code> for the value of <em>level</em> in the recursive call.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt>
<code class="descclassname">Repr.</code><code class="descname">repr_TYPE</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>obj</em>, <em>level</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dd><p>Formatting methods for specific types are implemented as methods with a name
based on the type name. In the method name, <strong>TYPE</strong> is replaced by
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">string.join(string.split(type(obj).__name__,</span> <span class="pre">'_'))</span></code>. Dispatch to these
methods is handled by <a class="reference internal" href="#repr.Repr.repr1" title="repr.Repr.repr1"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">repr1()</span></code></a>. Type-specific methods which need to
recursively format a value should call <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">self.repr1(subobj,</span> <span class="pre">level</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">1)</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="subclassing-repr-objects">
<span id="subclassing-reprs"></span><h2>8.19.2. Subclassing Repr Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#subclassing-repr-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The use of dynamic dispatching by <a class="reference internal" href="#repr.Repr.repr1" title="repr.Repr.repr1"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Repr.repr1()</span></code></a> allows subclasses of
<a class="reference internal" href="#repr.Repr" title="repr.Repr"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Repr</span></code></a> to add support for additional built-in object types or to modify
the handling of types already supported. This example shows how special support
for file objects could be added:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">repr</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">reprlib</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MyRepr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">reprlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Repr</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">repr_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">obj</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">level</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">obj</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'<stdin>'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'<stdout>'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'<stderr>'</span><span class="p">]:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">obj</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">repr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">obj</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">aRepr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">MyRepr</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nb">print</span> <span class="n">aRepr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">repr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdin</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># prints '<stdin>'</span>
</pre></div>
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<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">8.19. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">repr</span></code> — Alternate <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">repr()</span></code> implementation</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#repr-objects">8.19.1. Repr Objects</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#subclassing-repr-objects">8.19.2. Subclassing Repr Objects</a></li>
</ul>
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